A face mask is a protective covering worn over the nose and mouth to prevent the inhalation of pollutants, allergens, or pathogens and to limit the spread of respiratory droplets. Depending on their design—ranging from simple **cloth masks** and **disposable surgical masks** to high-filtration **N95 respirators**—they offer varying levels of defense for both the wearer and those around them. Beyond clinical settings, face masks have become essential tools for public health, personal grooming, and industrial safety, acting as a physical barrier that maintains hygiene and reduces environmental exposure.